উদ্ভিদ জীবজগতের একটি বড় গোষ্ঠী যাদের অধিকাংশই সালোকসংশ্লেষনের মাধ্যমে শর্করা-জাতীয় খাদ্য প্রস্তুত করে। মূলত এই খাদ্যের উপরই প্রত্যক্ষ ও পরোক্ষভাবে হিউমেন বিংসসহ সমগ্র প্রাণীকুল নির্ভর করে। আমাদের জীবনে উদ্ভিদের গুরুত্ব যে অপরিসীম, সেটা বলার অপেক্ষা রাখে না। অক্সিজেন ব্যতিরেকেও উদ্ভিদ থেকে আমরা পাই নানা রকম খাদ্যদ্রব্য, কাঠ, কয়লা, জ্বালানি, কাগজ, এমনি আরও কত-কী! তা ছাড়া নানা রকম ওষুধও পাই উদ্ভিদ থেকে। ম্যালেরিয়ার মহৌষধ কুইনাইন, যেটা আবিষ্কার করেছিলেন ইংরেজ চিকিৎসক রোনাল্ড রস, সেটাও তো ‘সিনকোনা’ নামক উদ্ভিদ থেকে তৈরি। শুধু তাই নয়,পৃথিবীর তাপমাত্রার ভারসাম্য রক্ষায়ও উদ্ভিদের ভূমিকা রয়েছে। এক কথায় উদ্ভিদ আমাদের পরম বন্ধু। উদ্ভিদজগত ছাড়া প্রাণীকুলের অস্তিত্ব কল্পনা করা যায় না। কিন্তু উপকারী এই বন্ধু সম্পর্কে আমরা কতটুকু জানি? সারা বিশ্বের মোট প্রাণী প্রজাতির সংখ্যা জানা যেমন জরুরি,তদাপেক্ষা বেশি জরুরি উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতির সঠিক সংখ্যা জানা। তবে জীববৈচিত্র্যে উদ্ভিদবৈচিত্র্য এতো বেশি যে,সঠিকভাবে এদের সংখ্যা নির্ধারণ করা অত্যন্ত কঠিন। কিন্তু তবুও উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞানীরা বসে নেই। তারা প্রতিনিয়ত গবেষণা করে যাচ্ছেন,ফলস্বরূপ বের হচ্ছে চাঞ্চল্যকর সব তথ্য। সম্প্রতি সারা বিশ্বের উদ্ভিদের সংখ্যার তালিকা প্রকাশ করেছে রয়েল বোটানিক্যাল গার্ডেনের বিজ্ঞানীরা। সারা বিশ্বের ফ্লোরা সম্পর্কে এটিই প্রথম কোন সম্পূর্ণ গবেষণা।

•যুক্তরাজ্যের কিউ রয়্যাল বোটানিক্যাল গার্ডেনের এক প্রতিবেদনে বলা হয়েছে, বর্তমানে বিশ্বে প্রায় 391,000 প্রজাতির ভাস্কুলার উদ্ভিদ রয়েছে, যার মধ্যে প্রায় 369,000 প্রজাতির (বা 94 শতাংশ) উদ্ভিদে ফুল ফোটে।

•প্রতি বছর প্রায় ২ হাজার নতুন উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতি আবিষ্কৃত হয়, যার মধ্যে অনেকগুলো ইতিমধ্যে বিলুপ্তির পথে।

•বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন, সমস্ত উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতির ২১ শতাংশ বা প্রতি পাঁচটি উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতির মধ্যে একটি প্রজাতি বর্তমানে বিলুপ্তি ঝুঁকির মধ্যে রয়েছে।

এই গবেষণায় বিজ্ঞানীরা প্রথমবারের মতো বিশ্বের সমস্ত ভাস্কুলার উদ্ভিদের অবস্থান নির্ধারণ করেছেন – সমস্ত উদ্ভিদ (শৈবাল, শ্যাওলা, লিভারওয়োর্টস এবং হর্নওয়ার্টস বাদে) যেগুলোতে খাদ্য ও জল পরিবহনের জন্য বিশেষ টিস্যু রয়েছে। রয়্যাল বোটানিক্যাল গার্ডেনের বিজ্ঞান বিভাগের পরিচালক ক্যাথি উইলিস বলেছেন, আমাদের কাছে ইতিমধ্যে ‘স্টেট অফ দ্য ওয়ার্ল্ডের… পাখি, সমুদ্র-কচ্ছপ, বন, শহর, এমনকি অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক’ রয়েছে তবে উদ্ভিদ নেই। তিনি আরও বলেন, খাদ্য, ওষুধ, পোশাক, বাড়ি তৈরির উপকরণ এবং জৈব জ্বালানী থেকে শুরু করে জলবায়ু নিয়ন্ত্রণের ক্ষেত্রে উদ্ভিফ গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। উদ্ভিফ ছাড়া পৃথিবীতে প্রাণীর অস্থিত্ব হুমকির মুখে পড়বে। তাই উদ্ভিদজগতকে টিকিয়ে রাখতে হবে। আর সেজন্য পৃথিবীর সকল উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতি সম্পর্কে একটি স্বচ্ছ ধারণা থাকা উচিত।

উদ্ভিদ তালিকা, আন্তর্জাতিক উদ্ভিদ নাম সূচক এবং নির্বাচিত উদ্ভিদ পরিবারগুলোর ওয়ার্ল্ড চেকলিস্টসহ বেশ কয়েকটি উদ্ভিদ ডাটাবেসের মাধ্যমে এই দলটি সিদ্ধান্তে পৌছেছেন যে, প্রায় 391,000 টি ভাস্কুলার উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতি এ পর্যন্ত পৃথিবীতে আবিষ্কৃত হয়েছে। অধিকন্তু, প্রতি বছর প্রায় 2 হাজার নতুন উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতি আবিষ্কার হয়। এবং এই নতুন বর্ণিত উদ্ভিদের অনেকগুলো প্রজাতি ইতিমধ্যে বিলুপ্তির পথে।

2015 সালে, বিজ্ঞানীরা-ক্যামেরুন-কঙ্গোলিয়ান আফ্রিকান রেইন ফরেস্টে প্রায় 105 মেট্রিক টন ওজনের একটি বিপন্নপ্রায় দৈত্যাকার ভারী গাছের সন্ধ্যান পেয়েছেন। গবেষকরা গাছটির নাম দিয়েছেন Oberholzeria etendekaensis. তারা বলেন, এটি কেবল একটি নতুন প্রজাতিই নয়, পুরো নতুন জেনাস। এটি একটি বিরল প্রজাতি।

প্রতিবেদন অনুসারে, অস্ট্রেলিয়া, ব্রাজিল এবং চীনে প্রতিবছর সবচেয়ে বেশি নতুন প্রজাতি আবিষ্কৃত হয়। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, প্রতিবেদনে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে যে, ব্রাজিল বিশ্বের অন্য যে কোনও দেশের তুলনায় বেশি Seed Plant এর কেন্দ্রস্থল, এবং দিনদিন এর ফ্লোরা “রেকর্ড-ব্রেকিং” গতিতে বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে।

ভবিষ্যতে অনেক প্রজাতির বিলুপ্তি হুমকির জন্য প্রতিবেদনটি সতর্ক করে দিয়েছে। সর্বোত্তম উপলব্ধ অনুমানের ভিত্তিতে বিজ্ঞানীরা বলেছেন, সমস্ত উদ্ভিদ প্রজাতির ২১ শতাংশ – বা প্রতি পাঁচটি উদ্ভিদের মধ্যে একটি – সম্ভবত বিলুপ্তির ঝুঁকির মধ্যে রয়েছে। দ্রুত শিল্পায়ন ও নগরায়ন, বৃক্ষ নিধন ইত্যাদিকে বিজ্ঞানীরা দায়ী করেছেন।গবেষকরা দেখেছেন,জমির আচ্ছাদন পরিবর্তনের ফলে ম্যানগ্রোভ এবং গ্রীষ্মমন্ডলীয় বন সবচেয়ে বেশি প্রভাবিত হয়েছে। বিজ্ঞানীরা ধারণা করেছেন উদ্ভিদের আবাসস্থল বিশেষ করে ম্যানগ্রোভ ও অন্যান্য বনের পরিমাণ কমে যাওয়ার ফলে বিভিন্ন প্রজাতি বিরূপ প্রভাবের সম্মুখীন হবে। বিলুপ্তির  কারণ হিসেবে অন্যান্য কারণের মধ্যে তারা বিভিন্ন প্রকার রোগ,ক্ষতিকর পোকামাকড়ের প্রভাবকে দায়ী করেছেন।

প্রতিবেদনে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে-বিশ্বের কয়েকটি অঞ্চলে এখনও বেশ কয়েকটি অনন্য প্রজাতি সহ উদ্ভিদের একটি বিশাল বৈচিত্র রয়েছে। তবে এর মধ্যে কয়েকটি মাত্র আইনগতভাবে সুরক্ষিত রয়েছে। সামগ্রিকভাবে, গবেষকরা বিশ্বের ৭১ টি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উদ্ভিদ অঞ্চল চিহ্নিত করেছেন যেখানে জরুরি ভিত্তিতে সংরক্ষণের ব্যবস্থা প্রয়োজন। তা না হলে উদ্ভিদগুলো আগামীতে সম্পূর্ণ বিলুপ্ত হয়ে যেতে পারে।

প্রতিবেদনে উঠে এসেছে,পৃথিবীতে মানব সভ্যতার সবচেয়ে উপকারী বন্ধু গাছ কতটা হুমকির সম্মুখীন। জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের ফলে পরিবর্তিত হচ্ছে উদ্ভিদের জীবনধারা, আর ধ্বংসের মুখোমুখী দাঁড়িয়ে আছে হাজার হাজার উদ্ভিদ।

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